Automatic landing and leveling elevator system



April 6, 1954 D. SANTINI ETAL AUTOMATIC LANDING AND LEVELING ELEVATOR SYSTEMS Filed June 9. 1950 Brake 5 Motor 3 El evotor Cor F ig.l.

WITNESSES:

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6 Sheefcs-Sheet 1 Landing INVENTORS DuniloSontini, Phillip C.Keiper BY and Milton Fink. 6.6M

ATTORNEY D. SANTINI ET AL April 6, 1954 AUTOMATIC LANDING AND LEVELING ELEVATOR SYSTEMS e Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 9. 1950 INVENTORS Donilo S0ntini,Phillip C.Keiper and Milton Fink. Ma /M d e dW M fi man ca 800 M60 HLR B R 4. O O O O W m m m w w m mu w 3 4 6 a m WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY April 6, 1954 D. SANTINI ET AL 2,674,348

AUTOMATIC LANDING AND LEVELING ELEVATOR SYSTEMS Filed June 9, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS q 6 Dunilo Sontini,PhillipC.Keiper ondMiHon Fink. K

' La: 4 7-7 I (of I ATTORNEY April 6, 1954 o. SANTINI 'ET AL AUTOMATIC LANDING AND LEVELING ELEVATOR SYSTEMS Filed June 9, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Mi mm a m m m m 5 m .m md f n F m m K Y. -63 $3 llll I I I I I I l I I I l I I I QAZQ 35 1 a mEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJQEZ/ n 2 #23 mm I I I I I I I i e Nmm I I I I I I I I I I l III I a 4m I IIiEHI EW E I I I I I I I I I I LG 3 I I IIIIIIIIH NJIIIIIIIIIIII II I I I I III E I I I I l I I I I I I 6 ma 0 IIIIIIIIIII IDII IIQ N344 3 I I I I I I I I I I I I Ls 6m eT oml flmNM ummn I I I l I I m imam wmmm 5mm mmum 05mm =m-m \mimn mmm fi unllmlmmm I WWL QTWQ I .5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l mm ma 3 Q I II IIIII I E? 5 Q. 06 w" i w ILMQL V g 2 3w 3 4 L? 5 I d V :|III.IIIIIII. J T ME T wmo I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I m J Tfii N34 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l l I I 7.5 I 53 IIII I I I I I I I l I I II II I I 0 N92 3: Z M E J 52 I R as. I II I l Ia? NA 94. Q2 Tb l. ml T N IIIII in wT i A :q QQ:

April 6, 1954 D. SANTINI ET AL 2,674,343

AUTOMATIC LANDING AND LEVELING ELEVATOR SYSTEMS Filed June 9, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 L l-3 Blv wnmzsszs: ig-6. INVENTORS d DonildSoniini Phillip C.Keiper 717 ond Milton Fi nk.

Wu A w MM ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 6, 1954 2,674,348 ICE AUTOMATIC LANDING AND LEVELING ELEVATOR SYSTEM Danilo Santini, Tenafly, and Phillip C. Keiper, Shrewsbury, N. J., and Milton Fink, Forest Hills, N. Y., assignors to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application June 9, 1950, Serial No. 167,201

46 Claims. 1

This invention relates to elevator systems and it has particular relation to elevator systems equipped for automatic landing and leveling.

In order to provide efiicient operation of an electric elevator system, it is desirable that a minimum of time be expended in landing or leveling an elevator car at any landing at which it is to stop. It has been found that appreciable improvement in the efficiency of an elevator system results from the adoption of automatic landing and also from the adoption of. automatic leveling, if leveling is desired. In the automatic landing of an elevator car it is well understood that as the elevator car approaches a landing at which it is to stop, the car is retarded in accordance with a predetermined pattern and the elevator brake is finally applied at a predetermined point such that the elevator car comes to an accurate stop at the desired landing.

If the elevator system also includes equipment for providing automatic leveling, the elevator car may be maintained accurately at the desired landing under all conditions. For example, if the elevator car tends to drop from the landing as it receives load due to cable stretch, the automatic leveling equipment returns the elevator car into accurate registration with the desired landing.

If the elevator system is employed for passenger service, the retardation of the elevator car during a landing operation must be sufiiciently smooth and the stop must be sufficiently gentle to avoid discomfort for the elevator car passengers. In addition, shocks which may damage the equipment employed in the elevator system must be avoided. If automatic leveling is provided, similar comments are applicable;

It has been found that the regulating generator when employed with a variable voltage system is particularly effective in providing rapid, smooth and accurate acceleration and retardation of an elevator car. As representative of prior art systems employing regulating generators, reference may be made to the Santini, et al. Patent 2,094,377 and the King Patent 2,205,204. A further example of a regulating generator employed in an elevator system will be found in the Esselman patent application Serial No. 75,888, filed February 11, 1949 which has issued on October 31, 1950, as Patent 2,528,126.

The regulating generator conventionally is employed in a Wheatstone bridge circuit for controlling the field excitation of the main generator employed in a variable voltage system. one arm of the bridge includes, in series, a field winding of the main generator and a field winding of the regulating generator. The armature of the regulating generator is connected across one diagonal of the bridge.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a regulating generator for controlling the field excitation of a main generator employed in a variable voltage system for energizing an elevator driving motor is connected in what may be termed split Wheatstone bridge circuit. The main generator is provided with two field windings which are disposed in separate arms of the split bridge. In a somewhat analogous manner, the regulating generator has two field windings, each connected in series with a separate field winding of the main generator in the bridge. By dividing the field windings between two arms of the bridge, the resultant inductance of the field windings is decreased and the time constant of the bridge circuit is materially reduced. By adoption of the split bridge, the excitation of the main generator may be changed rapidly in accordance with any desired pattern and any deviation of the main generator from the desired pattern is rapidly corrected. The rapid response of the main generator is obtained with no loss in the smoothness of the response. As applied to an elevator system, the split bridge permits the adoption of a faster change in the pattern controlling the operation of the main generator and results in a substantial decrease in the required distance and time required for retarding an elevator car during a landing operation.

A further improvement in the control exercised by the regulating generator is obtained by providing the regulating generator with a plurality of pattern fields which may be employed separately or in combination as desired. Thus, for normal fioor-to-floor operation of the elevator car, one of the pattern fields alone may be employed. During a leveling operation, two of the patter fields may be employed in order to increase the rate at which the voltage of the main generator is increased.

In automatic landing and leveling systems, it has been conventional to employ inductor relays for controlling accurately the desired slow down and stopping points of the elevator car. Such inductor relays are located at predetermined distances from each of the landings at which the elevator car is to stop. Because of the rapid retardation and response of the elevator car resulting from adoption of the split bridge, it is possible to employ an improved inductor relay assembly. In this assembly, a plurality of inductor relays is positioned on the elevator car for cooperation with a single inductor plate. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, five inductor relays are mounted in vertical alignment on an elevator car. As the elevator car approaches a landing at which it is to stop, certain of the inductor relays are operated successively at suitable distances from the landing. For example, the relays may be operated respectively when the elevator car is 20 inches, 10 inches, 2 inches and inch from the land-.- ing. Two of the inductor relays also are employed in the preferred embodiment for initiating a leveling operation of the elevator car if such leveling is required.

To illustrate the improved response of a system involving the invention, it may be pointed out that the invention permits the elevator car to approach the landing at which it is to stop more rapidly and yet slow to a stopping speed which is to of the stopping speeds heretofore employed. Thus, the elevator car may travel at a speed of 160 feet per minute as it reaches a point 20 inches from a landing at which it is to stop. The speed then is decreased to a value of the order of 60 feet per minute at a point 10 inches from a landing. The speed again is decreased to a value of the order of 25 feet per minute by the time the car reaches a distance of 2% inches from the landing. The elevator car then is retarded to a stopping speed of the order of 5 to feet per minute by the time it reaches a point inch from the landing. At this last point, the elevator brake is applied and the elevator car drifts the remaining inch to an accurate stop at the desired landing. Inasmuch as the elevator car doors are opening during the final 2 inches of its movement, it is clear that the invention provides an extremely rapid and effective landing operation.

Although the leveling operation is suitable for passenger elevators, it is particularly desirable for freight elevators. The rapid, smooth and accurate leveling operation permits rapid movement of power trucks during the loading and unloading of the elevator car. In order to provide this improved leveling operation, the invention includes a load weighing device, a motion detector and the previously mentioned dual-action regulating generator having two sets of pattern fields.

The load weighing device provides a control which is responsive to the magnitude of the load on the elevator car and distinguishes between hauling and overhauling loads. The motion detector provides a control which is responsive to the initiation of movement of the driving motor of the elevator car during a leveling operation.

The leveling operation to compensate for cable stretch depends to a substantial extent on the elevator car load which is measured by the load weighing device. It is conventional in the art to employ a counterweight for the elevator car which compensates for the weight of the elevator car and a substantial portion of the load carried by the elevator cars which may be 40% of the full, rated load. If the load on the elevator car is within the balanced zone, (1. e. substantially 40% of the full, rated load) the elevator brake may be released without fear that the elevator car will move appreciably before torque can be developed by the elevator driving motor. Consequently, when an elevator car having a balanced load is to be leveled, the load weighing device is effective for initiating a prompt release of the elevator brake and the elevator car moves as soon as torque is developed by the driving motor.

If the load on the elevator car is unbalanced, release of the elevator brake would result in car movement unless the elevator driving motor has developed a torque sufficient to hold a car prior to release of the brake. If the load, as measured bythe load weighing device, is unbalanced and 4 if leveling is to be effected in the hauling direction, the brake release is delayed until a torque suflicient to hold the load is produced by the motor. The delay in brake release is proportional to the load on the motor.

If the load measured by the load weighing device is unbalanced and if leveling is to be in the overhauling direction, the brake is only partially released. Under these conditions, leveling is effected through the brake.

During the leveling operation, the regulating generator has all of the pattern fields connected for energization in order to force the generator voltage to build up as rapidly as possible. However, as soon as the motion detector detects the beginning of a releveling movement of the driving motor, the forcing of the main generator voltage is decreased.

The rapidity of the leveling operation may be appreciated when it is pointed out that with 15% to 70% of rated load on the elevator car, the elevator car may be leveled in either direction in less than 1 second.

Several different operations of the elevator brake are provided. During a. normal landing operation of the elevator car, a smooth, soft brake is employed. Should the elevator car overrun a floor during a landing operation, the setting of the elevator brake is retarded to prevent it from setting before the elevator car reverses during the leveling operation. This prevents the production of a jar or bump at the point of reversal. At the close of a leveling operation for overrun, the elevator brake is set with a fast, hard action. In releveling to compensate for cable stretch or contraction, an even faster and harder brake action may be employed.

From the foregoing it will be noted that the braking effort is controlled to provide various brake actions. The braking effort may be modifled to stop the car faster for a leveling operation than for a landing operation. Although this modification in braking effort may be effected by varying the ultimate braking force, in a preferred embodiment it is effected by changing the rate at which the braking force is built up, the ultimate force always being the same.

It is accordingly a first object of the invention to provide an elevator system having a variable voltage drive wherein field excitation for the variable voltage generator is controlled by a regulating generator connected in a split bridge circuit.

It is a second object of the invention to provide an elevator system employing an improved inductor assembly wherein a plurality of inductor relays is arranged in alignment for operation by a common inductor plate.

It is a third object of the invention to provide an elevator system having an elevator car which automatically lands and levels with a load weighing device which controls the operation of the system during leveling in accordance with the load on the elevator car.

It is a fourth object of the invention to provide an elevator system as set forth in the preceding paragraph wherein a motion detector is responsive to movement of the elevator car during a leveling operation for modifying the system operation.

It is a fifth object of the invention to provide an elevator system wherein leveling in an overhauling direction is effected with the elevator brake partially applied.

It is. a. sixth object of the invention to provide an elevator system wherein. the elevator brake is released for a leveling operation after a delay sufiicient to permit the elevator motor to develop enough torque to hold the elevator car.

It is a seventh object of the invention to provide an elevator system having an elevator brake which is applied with a soft braking action, a hard braking action, or after a substantial delay under different conditions.

It is an eighth object of the invention to provide an elevator system of the automatic landing and leveling type wherein an elevator brake provides a soft braking action for a normal landing operation of the elevator car, a hard braking action to stop the elevator car at the close of a leveling operation, to compensate for overrun, a very hard braking action at the close of a leveling operation to compensate for cable stretch or contraction, and a delayed braking action if the elevator car overshoots a landing during. a landing operation.

I The invention also has for its objects the provision of an elevator system incorporating any combination of two or more of the foregoing objects.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view in elevation with parts broken away and parts shown schematically of an elevator system incorporating the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view in top plan with parts shown in section of an inductor relay assembly suitable for the system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a load weighing device suitable for the elevator system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the positions of the contacts in the load weighing device of Fig. 3 for various loadings of an associated elevator car;

Fig. 5 is a schematic view in straight line form, showing control circuits suitable for the elevator system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5A is a schematic view showing various relays, switches and contactors employed in the circuits of Fig. 5. If Figs. 5 and 5A are placed in horizontal alignment, it will be found that corresponding coils and contacts of the two figures are substantially in horizontal alignment.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view in straight line form, showing further control circuits suitable for the system of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 6A is a schematic view of relays, switches and contactors employed in the circuits of Fig. 6. If Figs. 6 and 6A are placed in horizontal alignment, it will be found that corresponding contacts and coils of the two figures are substantially in horizontal alignment.

The invention may be incorporated in various types of elevator systems. For example, it may be employed in an automatic elevator system wherein the elevator car is started in response to operation of a car push button located in the elevator car or a corridor push button located at any of the landings served by the elevator car. As a further example, the invention may be incorporated in a system wherein the elevator car is started by means of a car switch and is stopped at landings served by the elevator car in response to operation of a car push button or a corridor push button for each desired landing. However, the invention may be described adequately for an automatic landing and leveling elevator system of the car switch type. Although the invention is described as incorporated in the car switch operated elevator system, it is to be understood that this system represents only one embodiment of the invention and that the invention may be incorporated in other types of elevator systems.

Inasmuch as a large number of relays, contactors, or switches are employed, a standard convention has been adopted for designating such system components. Each of the switches, relays or contactors is identified by a suitable reference character. Each set of contacts of each switch, relay or contactor is identified by the appropriate reference character therefor, followed by an identifying numeral specific to the set of contacts. For example, the expression UI designates the first set of contacts of the up switch U. As a further example, the expression U4 designates the fourth set of contacts of the up switch U.

A switch, relay or contactor may have break (back) contacts or make (front) contacts. It will be understood that the break contacts of a relay or other device are closed when the relay or other device is deenergized and open when the relay or other device is energized sufficiently to pick up. On the other hand, make contacts of a relay or other device are open when the relay or other device is deenergized and are closed when the relay or other device is energized sufllciently to pick up. Unless otherwise stated, the various circuit components are illustrated in their deenergized conditions.

In order to facilitate reference to the specification and drawings, the following apparatus list is presented:

APPARATUS LIST GR6-Full speed relay El-Ed-Light-load contacts F I F6--I-Ieavy-load contacts WA, WB, WC, WD-Auxiliary load contacts B-Loop voltage relay BRBrake-re1eased relay '|Running contactor MD-Motion detector relay MDAMotion detector advancer LWI-LW4Load zone relays BABrake relay UR-Up relay DRDown relay 6Running relay --Auxiliary running relay U-Up switch DDown switch GT-Timing relay 4fi-Door relay 32BCable-stretch relay BC-Brake-modifier relay LUUp leveling relay LDDown leveling relay Ll-Third landing relay L2--Second landing relay L3Leveling-field-control relay 65--Brake regulator relay MTTiming relay l2TTiming relay IUL, 2DL, 3L, ZUL, I DIP-Inductor relays.

APPARATUS IN FIGURE 1 In Fig. 1, an elevator car I is mounted in the hoist-way of a building structure for the purpose of serving the floors or landing of the building structure. In Fig. l the elevator car is shown stopped at one of the landings of the structure.

In order to move the elevator car through the hoist-way, a motor MO is located in a penthouse provided in the structure. This motor has a shaft 2 on which a brake drum 3.and asheave 4 are secured. A brake 5 is provided for applying a brake shoe to the drum 3- in order to prevent or resist rotation of the shaft 2..

A rope or cable 8 passes over the sheave 4. One end of the cable 5 is secured to a counterweight 9. The remaining end of the cable is secured to a plate In. A compression spring H is located between the plate III and a crossbeam I: which is secured to the elevator car.

The compression spring H is compressed between the plate LG and the crossbeam l2 in accordance with the load on the elevator car. Consequently, the distance between the plate and thecrossbeam is a measure of the car loading.

In order to measure the loading of the. elevator car, a load weigher I3 is secured to the crossbeam I 2. The mechanism of the load weigher is connected to the plate I0 through a, flexible cable or chain M. The load weigher includes a plurality of electrical contacts which are closed and opened in accordance with the loading of the elevator car. These contacts will be discussed more fully in connection with Figs. 3 and 4.

Suitable mechanism is provided for detecting accurately the distance of the elevator car from a landing at which it is to stop. Mechanism of this type is well known in the art and conventional mechanism may be employed for this purpose. However, Fig. 1 shows an improved and preferred embodiment in the form of an inductor assembly Ii.

The inductor assembly I6 includes five inductor relays IUL, ZDL, 3L, ZUL and IDL. These relays cooperate with a single inductor plate P for each of the landings to provide slowdown and leveling controls for the elevator car. Thus, if the elevator car I is travelling up towards a landing at which it is to stop, the inductor relay IUL is the first of the inductor relays to reach the plate P for the desired landing. This inductor relay IUL consequently operates a predetermined distance from the floor, such as 20 inches to initiate a slowdown of the elevator car.

As the elevator car continues its upward travel, the plate P completes a magnetic circuit for the inductor relay ZDL, but this relay is not effective for control purposes during such upward travel of the elevator car.

When the elevator car reaches a point approximately 10 inches from the desired landing, the plate P completes a magnetic circuit for the inductor relay 3L. This relay initiates a further slowdown of the elevator car. When the elevator car is approximately 2 inches from the desired landing, the plate P completes a magnetic circuit for the inductor relay 2UL and this relay operates to slow the elevator car to a landing speed.

Approximately inch from the desired landing, the inductor plate P begins to leave the inductor relay IUL. This relay thereupon drops out to initiate application of the elevator brake and the elevator car stops accurately at the desired landing.

It will be noted that the inductor relays IUL and IDL are adjacent the ends of the inductor plate P while the elevator car is stopped at a landing. If the elevator car overshoots the desired. landing or if the car fails to register with the landing because of cable stretch, one of these relays IUL or IDL is effective for initiating a leveling operation of the elevator car.

APPARATUS IN FIGURE 2 The inductor relays all are of similar construction. Consequently a description of .the inductor relay 3Lwil1: suflice. The inductor relay 3L has a coil which is wound on a magnetic core l1. At each end, the. magnetic core I1 has; a polar plate lla or I'll). Each of the polar plates has a slot within which. a magnetic armature He or I'Id, is positioned. These armatures are hinged in any suitable manner to their associated polar plates. In, the specific embodiment of Fig. 2, the armature He is hinged on the polar plate Ila by means of a flexible springs lle. In a similar manner, the armature lld is hinged on the polar plate l'l'b by means of leaf; spring l'lf.

It will be noted that a long airgap is between the armatures He and "d. When the inductor relay reaches thev inductor plate P, the airgap is bridged substantially by the inductor plate. Consequently, if the coil of the inductor plate, is energized, the forces applied to the armatures are suflicient to move the armatures; against the biases of their associated springs towards. each other. Such movements of the armatures. are employed for operating suitable. contacts;

Break contacts 3Ll and make contacts; 3L3 are operated by the armature llc. For this purpose, a leaf spring Hg is positioned between strips llh and Hi. The spring Hg and the strip Ilh are biased normally into engagement with each other. Such engagement provides the contacts 3Ll. The spring Hg and the strip IIj are normally biased out of engagement with each other to provide the make contacts 3L3.

It will be understood that the spring and strip when separated are insulated from. each other. When the armature He is moved toward the inductor plate by magnetic forces, an arm llk secured to the armature operates through a link llm to move the spring llg out of engagement with the strip Hit and into engagement with. the strip IH'.

Although the spring and strips, could engage each other directly, contact buttons fln, I10 and Hp, may be secured to the ends of the spring and strips for the purpose of. effecting the desired engagement.

In this way, each of the inductor relays may provide either a make contact or a break contact or the relay may provide both make. and break contacts as desired. The armature Hd' may operate the contacts 3L2 and 3L4 in an analogous manner. However, it is believed that; a discussion of the contacts operatedv by the armature |1c suffices for present purposes. The inductor relay of Fig. 2 also is incorporated inthexBerkovitz patent application, Serial No. 129,665, filed November 26, 1949;, and assigned to the assignee of the present patent application.

APPARATUS. IN. FIGURE 3.

The load weigher I3 is employed for operating contacts El to E4, Fl to F6 and WA to WD in accordance with the loading of the elevator car. These contacts all are biased towards their closed positions and are opened by means of individual cams which are mounted on a common shaft 13a. The cams for the contacts are identified by the same reference character preceded by the letter C. Thus, the contacts El are operated by the cam CEI. As a further example, the contacts WA are operated by the cam CWA.

The shaft l3a has secured thereto a drum l 3b to which one end of the chain l4v is secured. The shaft is biased by a spiral spring [30 in a direction which maintains the chain ll taut. The configuration or the cam my be understood APPARATUS IN FIGURE 4 In Fig. 4, the conditions of the contacts of the load weigherare shown for seven different loadings of the elevator car. These seven loadings correspond to the seven positions indicated on the scale of Fig. 3. It will be assumed that the elevator car has a full load rating of 10,000 pounds. The loading of the elevator car is indicated in the first column of Fig. 4. The scale position corresponding to such loading is illustrated in the second column of Fig. 4. The contact positions for each loading are illustrated in the third column of Fig. 4.

It will be noted that when the elevator car is completely unloaded or empty, all of the contacts, El, E2, E3 and Fl to F6 are open. Contacts E4 are closed at this loading. The contacts WA and WB both are closed. The contacts WC and WD both are open. As the loading of the elevator car increases, the contacts, E3, E2, El, successively close until the loading of the elevator car reaches a balanced range.

It will be recalled that the counterweight of the elevator car is proportioned to counterbalance the weight of the elevator car and a portion of the rated loading of the elevator car, usually approximately 40% of the rated loading. The balanced range in Fig. 4 is indicated to cover a loading of approximately 3,000 to 6,000 pounds.

As the loading of the elevator car continues to increase in the balanced range, the contacts E4 to El successively open and the contacts Fl to F6 successively close. As the loading approaches the rated capacity of the elevator car, the contacts Fl to F6 successively open until, for the fully loaded elevator car, the contacts Fl to F6 and El to E4 are all open.

One terminal of each of the contacts El to E4 and Fl to F is connected to a common conductor I36 and to one terminal of a resistor RI. The remaining terminal of each of the contacts is connected to a tap on the resistor RI. The purpose of these contacts is to adjust the effective resistance offered by the resistor Rl in accordance with the loading of the elevator car. The maximum effective resistance is provided when the elevator car is fully loaded. The effective resistance of the resistor RI is substantially larger for an empty car than that for a car car-- rying a balanced load. Minimum resistance of the resistor El is provided when the loading of the elevator car is a balanced loading. Intermediate values of resistance are provided for intermediate loadings. As will be pointed out in the discussion of Fig. 5, the effective resistance oiiered by the resistor BI is employed for controlling the time of release of the elevator brake for a leveling operation.

The contacts WA, WB, WC and WD are employed for controlling certain load zone relays and indirectly the excitation of the main generator supplying energy to the elevator driving motor in accordance with the loading of the elevator 1Q car. The contacts WA are closed in the lightload range of loading. They are open in the balanced load range and also are open for heavier loadings of the elevator car.

The contacts WE are closed in both the lightload range and the balanced car and are open only in the heavy-load range.

The contacts WC are open in the light-load range and in the balanced car range. They close for a loading of the order of 70% of rated load and remain closed as the loading increases to the rated load. For example, the contacts WC may be closed for he final two-thirds of the heavyload range. The contacts WD are open except for the latter. portion of the heavy-load range. Thus, the contacts WD may be closed over the final one third of the heavy-load range. The operation'of the contacts WC and WD compensates for the increased static friction due to the loading of the system.

APPARATUS IN FIGURE 5 In Fig. 5, the motor MO is connected for energization in a variable-voltage circuit. Energization for the motor M0 is supplied by a main generator This generator is similar to main generators heretofore employed in variable voltage drives except for the provision of two separate and similar generator field windings GEFl and GEFZ.

The energization of the field windings of the main generator GE is controlled in part by a regulating generator RG which has a number of field windings. Thus, the regulating generator has pattern field windings RGPI and RGPE! which are similar to each other. In addition, the regulating generator has two auxiliary pattern field windings RGLl and RGLZ which are employed to boost the excitation of the regulating generator derived from the main pattern field windings during certain leveling operations. When the main pattern field windings RGPl and RGPZ alone are effective, the regulating generator has a first volts-per-ampere characteristic. In other words, a first ratio is provided between the volts output from the regulating generator armature RGA and the current passing through the pattern field windings. When the main and auxiliary pattern field windings all are effective, a second volts-per-arnpere characteristic is obtained. The ratio in the latter case is substantially greater than the ratio obtained when the main pattern field windings alone are effective.

The regulating generator has a series field winding RGS which increases the field excitation of the regulating generator to compensate for the voltage drop due to the resistance of the armature MOA of the driving motor MO. Finally, the regulating generator has a differential field Winding RGD which is energized to provide a field excitation which is in opposition to the field excitation of the pattern field windings.

Energization for various circuits employed in Fig. 5 is derived from a suitable source of direct current represented by two buses L-l-l and L l. The field winding MOF for the motor MO is connected directly across the buses L+l and L-l.

The armature MOA of the driving motor and the armature G-EA of the main generator GE are connected in a loop circuit by means of two conductors l0a and ltlb. The loop circuit may be interrupted by the opening of the make contacts ll of a running contactor. The series field winding RGS of the regulating generator is m 11 cluded in the loop circuit in series with the armatures MOA and GEA.

When the elevator car is to be leveled for the purpose of compensating for cable stretch or contraction, a loop-voltage relay B is connected between'the conductors 19a and 19b through the resistor RI, make contacts 6-l of a running relay 6 (shown in Fig. 6) and break contacts 32B! of a cable-stretch relay 323 (shown in Fig. 6).

It will be recalled that the resistor RI has a resistance value which depends on the loading of the elevator car. The resistor has the minimum effective resistance value when the loading of the elevator car is in the balanced range. For this effective resistance value, a low voltage output of the generator GE suffices to pick up the loop-voltage relay B. The efiective resistance value of the resistor RI increases as the loading departs from the balanced range, either towards full loading or zero loading of the elevator car. As the effective resistance value of the resistor R1 increases, the voltage required to pick up the relay B also increases. The purpose of the relay B is .to permit a release of the elevator :brake when the driving motor is to level the elevator car in the hauling direction only after the generator GE has a voltage output suflicient to support the hauling load.

It will be understood that the armature of the direct-current generator GE and the armature of the direct-current regulating generator RG are rotated in any suitable manner at a constant rate of rotation. Thus, each of the generators may be driven at a constant rate by an electric motor (not shown).

Whenthe elevator car is to be leveled for the purpose of compensating for cable stretch or contractionthefield excitation of the main generator GE is modified as soon as the driving motor MOstarts to rotate. Detection of rotation of the driving motor is effected by means of a motion detector. This motion detector may inelude amagnetic armature 20a which has a pin 20b projecting from one end thereof towards the brake drum 3. Normally, the pin 20b is biased away from the drum 3 by means of 'a spring '2 c. The pin 20b is advanced intoengagement with the drum 3 by means of energization of a coil MDA. When the coil is energized, it urges the armature 20a towards the brake drum.

Normally the pin 20b constitutes an electrical contact which is biased towards a position midway between two spaced contacts 20d and 200. The pin is allowed to move with the drum 3 sufliciently to effect an engagement with either of these contacts, depending on the motion of the drum. Since the spacing between the pin and the contacts is extremely small, the pin operates to complete an electricalcircuit as soon as .the drum starts to rotate.

When the generator GE initially is excited, the voltage across the terminals thereof starts to increase. The increasing voltage increases the energization of the differential field RGD in a-direction which opposes further increase in the excitation supplied to the generator GE. The rate at which the differential field windings RGD opposes such increase in the excitation of the generator GE, may be controlled by controlling the effective resistance value of a resistor R2 which is connected in series with the .diiiferential field winding across the terminals of the armature GEA. During normal running of the elevator car between landings, the entire resistance of the resistor R2 may be employed. As the elevator car stops at a landing,-'a-porti'on of the resistor'may be shunted through the break contacts 62 of the running relay and break contacts 323-2 or "BR-I. Such shunting of a portion of the resistor R2 increases the rate on which the excitation of the generator GE is decreased.

When the elevator car is to level "forthe purpose of compensating for cable stretch or 'contraction, the excitation or the generator GE may be increased to a high value for the purpose of forcing a rapid build up of voltage output therefrom. However, as soon as the elevator car starts to move, a substantialportion of the resistor R2 is shunted through make contacts MD! of a .motion detector vrelay and make contacts MTI o'fa timing relay. The resulting increase in .energization of the ediflferential field winding.

braking position by means of a spring (notshown). The brake is released by .means of energization of a brake-releasing coil 5a. The brake release circuit is as follows:

Ll, Ul or DI, 3R2, BR, 5a, BAl,'6-3, '|--2, L-l

The energization of the brake coil 5a also energizes the brake-released relay BR. This relay opens its break contacts BRZ to insert a resistor R3, in the brake-release circuit, thereby reducing the current through the circuit to a value merely sufficient to hold the brakei in its released position.

When the elevator car is to be leveled in an overhauling direction, a resistor R4 is inserted in the brake-release circuit in response to opening of the make contacts BAI of abrake relay. Releveling under these circumstances is effected with the brake partially applied. Such partial application of the brake results "in more stability during the leveling of the elevator car in the overhauling direction.

A brake discharge resistor R5 is connected across the brake coil 50.. This resistor has a high resistance value and would result in the fast and hard application of the brake if it were employed alone.

The rate of dissipation of energy stored in the brake coil 5a is controlled further by means of make contacts LU! or LDI of up and down leveling relays. When either of these sets of contacts is closed,'a low resistance circuit is established across the brake coil 5a through a rectifier 20. Consequently, the energy stored in the brake coil discharges at a very slow rate and the brake remains picked up for a substantial time after the brake-release circuit is open.

The rectifier 2D is very desirable in the brake discharge circuit. It prevents flow of energy between the buses therethrough. At the same time, it establishes a low resistance path for discharge currents from the brake 0011. It eliminates the requirement for contacts which may introduce a variable contact resistance and it eliminates the arcing problems introduced by such contacts.

Further control of the discharge rate of energy stored in the rate coil 50. is provided by means of a resistorRB which is connected across the coil 5a through the rectifier 20 and through contacts 5--|. The contacts 5-! are open in the fully released position of the brake 5. However, they close immediately after the brake 5 starts to set and introduce all or a portion of a resistor R6 in the discharge circuit of the brake coil. The amount of the resistor R6 which is effective in the brake discharge circuit depends on the condition of the break contacts B0! of a brake modifier relay and the make contacts 3233 of the cable stretch relay. It will be understood that the greater the value of resistance in the discharge circuit for the brake coil, the faster will be the application or setting of the brake. It will be noted that a number of difierent brake operations are provided by the invention. These operations may be summarized as follows: When the brake release circuit is energized, the brake is promptly and completely released if the contacts BAI are closed. Such release takes place if the elevator car is conditioned for a fioor-to-fioor run or if the elevator car is to level in the hauling direction. If the elevator car is to level in an overhauling direction, the contacts BAI are open and the elevator brake is only partially released. Leveling then takes place while the elevator brake is partially applied. Four difierent brake applications are provided by the circuits of Fig. 5. If the elevator car is approaching a floor for a normal landing, the contacts BC! and 32B3 are closed and only a small proportion of the resistor Re is effective in the discharge circuit for the coil to. Consequently, the elevator brake is applied at a comparatively slow rate to provide a soft braking action.

Should the elevator car overrun the fioor during the landing operation, one of the sets of con-' tacts LUI or LDI closes to establish a shunt across the brake coil 5a. This delays the completion of the brake setting for a time sufficient to permit reestablishment of the brake-release circuit before the brake is completely set. The maintenance of the brake in a released condition facilitates the rapid and smooth reversal of'the elevator car for the ensuing leveling operation.

Following the overrun of the floor, the elevator car is leveled or returned towards a position in registration with the desired floor. During this return to the floor, the contacts BCI open to introduce a greater proportion of the resistor R? in the discharge circuit for the brake 'coil 5a. This means that the elevator brake sets more rapidly and prevents over-travel of the elevator car as it levels into the desired position.

If the elevator car is being leveled to compensate for cable stretch or contraction, both of the sets of contacts 32B3 and BCl are open to introduce the entire resistor R6 into the discharge circuit for the coil 5a. This results in a fast and hard braking action to stop the elevator car accurately at the completion of the leveling operation.

In order to facilitate rapid and accurate changes in the speed of the elevator car, the regulating generator RG is arranged in a split Wheatstone bridge 2| which has four arms 2m, Zlb, Ho and Zld connected successively in a ring. The arm 21a includes in series the generator field winding GEF2, the regulating generator main pattern field winding RGPZ; the regulating generator. auxiliary pattern field winding RGLZ, break contacts 32B] and a resistor 2 le. Make contacts 32138 are connected to shunt the auxiliary regulating generator field winding RGLZ and the break contacts 3231.

In an analogous manner, the arm Zlc of the bridge includes in series the generator field winding GEFI, the regulating generator main pattern field winding RGPI, the regulating generator auxiliary pattern field winding RGLI, the break contacts 32135 and a resistor 21 Make contacts 32133 are arranged to shunt the auxiliary field winding RGLI and the break contacts 3235. As shown in Fig. 5, the remaining arms of the bridge may comprise resistors.

The armature RGA of the regulating generator is connected across one diagonal of the bridge through make contacts 64 of the running relay or make contacts 'll ll of the running contactor and a resistor 21g. A portion of the resistor Zlg may be shunted by make contacts 32B6 of the =cable-stretch relay.

The remaining diagonal of the bridge is connected across the buses L+l and L-I through a resistor R! and a reversing switch. The reversing switch includes make contacts U2 and U3 of the up switch. These contacts are closed when the system is conditioned for up travel. The reversing switch also includes make contacts D2 and D3 which are closed when the elevator system is conditioned for down travel.

When the bridge is connected across the buses, current flows through the field windings connected in the arms of the bridge circuit. Certain of these windings excite the regulating generator and this develops a voltage across the armature RGA which produces currents increasing the excitation of the field windings. The auxiliary pattern field windings RGLl and RGLZ are connected in the bridge circuit only when the elevator car is being leveled to compensate for cable stretch or contraction. When th auxiliary pattern field windings are connected for energization, the contacts 32B6 may be open to introduce the entire resistor Zlg in series with the armature RGA.

The effective value of the resistance introduced in series with the bridge by the resistor R7 controls to a substantial extent the excitation of the generators. It will be noted by inspection of Fig. 5 that make contacts Ll, L2, L3 and GRG-l are connected to taps on the resistor R1 for the purpose of shunting portions of the resistor. These contacts are opened to control the retardation of the elevator car.

Furthermore, it will be noted that a plurality of make contacts LW l--l LW3-| LW32, LW42 and LW l-3 and break contacts LW4-I, and LWB-Ii of the load zone relays are employed for shunting portions of the resistor R1. Further control of the effective resistance of the resistor R! is provided by make contacts 322!) and break contacts 32B!!! of the cable stretch relay and by break contacts MD2 of the motion detector relay.

A running contactor I is connected for ener gization while the elevator system is in running condition. This contactor has a self-holding circuit which is completed through its make .contacts l--3 and make contacts fiTl of a timing relay.

The motion detector controls the energization of a motion detector relay MD. When the contacts 28b and 23d are .in engagement, when the make contacts UQ of the up switch are closed and when the break contacts 322i! of the cablestretch relay are closed, the motion detector. relay MD is energized and closes its make contacts MD3 to establish a holding circuit around the contests .20?) and d. Also when the contacts 20b and 20s are in engagement, when the make contacts D4 of the down switch are closed and when the contacts 32Bl I are closed, the motion detector relay MD is energized and closes its make contacts MD to establish a holding circuit around the contacts 20b and 206;

The motion detector advancer MDA is energized through make contacts B6 of the running relay and break contacts 32BI2 of the cablestretch relay.

Energization of the load zone relays LW l LWZ, LW3 and LW4 requires closure of the contacts 5-6 and 32Bl2. In addition, for energizing the load zone relay LWI, the contacts WA and the break-contacts 1-4 must be closed. To permit pickup of the relay LWI after closure of the contacts B6 and before opening of the contacts 'l--4, the running contactor I may have a slight delay in pickup sufilcient to permit the prior pickup of the relay LWI. When the relay LWI picks up, it establishes a self-holding circuit around the contacts WA and '|--4.

The load zone relay LWZ is associated in an analogous manner with the contacts WB. The load zone relays LW3 and LW4 are associated in analogous manners with the contacts WC and WD, respectively, but for energization additionally require closure of the break contacts LDZ and the make contacts LU2, of the down and up level relays.

It will be recalled that the contacts WA to WD are located in the load weigher. To revie'e briefly the operation of these contacts, if the car is fully loaded, the sets of contacts WA and WB both are open and the load zone relays LWI and LW2 are deenergized. In addition, the sets of contacts WC and WD both are closed, and permit energization of the load zone relays LW3 and LW4.

Assume next that the car load is reduced until it reaches a value at which with the brake released, the circulating loop current and friction just support the car. At this value of the load, the contacts WB in the load weigher close and permit energization of the load zone relay LW2.

Assume next that the load is further reduced until it reaches a value at which when the brake is released, the car will start to move up. At this value of the load, the contacts WA in the load weigher close and permit energization of the load zone relay LW I APPARATUS IN FIGURE 6 It will be recalled that the brake relay BA is employed for distinguishing between an overhauling and a hauling load during a leveling operation. This relay is controlled by combinations of contacts of the load zone relays LWI and LW2, the loop voltage relay B, the up switch U, the down switch D and the cable-stretch relay 323. The contacts of these relays are clearly illustrated in Fig. 6.

When the relay BA is energized, the elevator brake may be rapidly and completely released. The conditions under which the relay BA is energized may be set forth as follows:

A. Assume first that the elevator car is fully loaded. Under this condition the contacts WA and WB (Fig. 4) of the load weigher are open and both of the load zone relays LWI (Fig. 5) and LW2 are deenergized.

1. If the elevator car is to level in an up direction, the load presented to the elevator driv- 16 generator has built up a voltage sufficient to support the elevator car, the loop voltage relay B (Fig. 5) is energized sufliciently to close its contacts Bl (Fig. 6). This completes the following energizing circuit for the brake relay BA:

n+1, U5, LWi3, Bl, BA, Ll

Upon energization of the relay BA, contacts BAI (Fig. 5) close to permit complete release of the elevator brake. It may be pointed out that the elevator brake coil 5a may be partially energized through the resistor R4 prior to closure of the contacts BAI. However, such partial release of the elevator brake is not suihcient to permit dropping of the elevator car.

2. If the elevator car is to be leveled down while fully loaded, an overhauling load is presented to the driving motor. Since the contacts LW2-2 and U5 (Fig. 6) are open, the brake relay BA remains deenergized and the car is leveled with the elevator brake partially applied.

B. In the balanced load range, contacts WA (Fig. 4) of the load weigher are open and contacts WE are closed. The relay LWI (Fig. .5) is deenergized and it is assumed that the load zone relay LWZ is energized. By inspection of Fig. 6., it will be observed that the brake relay BA is promptly energized for leveling either in the up or the down direction. Consequently, the brake is fully released and the car is permitted to move as soon as the voltage applied by the main generator is suflicient to produce such motion.

C. If the elevator car is lightly loaded or empty, the sets of contacts WA and WB (Fig. 4) of the load weigher are both closed and it is assumed that under these conditions the load zone relays LWI and LWZ (Fig. 5) are energized.

1. If the elevator car is to be leveled in an up direction, the relay BA (Fig. 6) remains .deenergized. The sets of contacts LWI-3 and D5 both are open. Under such circumstances, the driving motor has an overhauling load and leveling of the elevator car is effected with a partially applied elevator brake.

2. If the lightly loaded or empty elevator car is to be leveled in a down direction, and if the loop voltage relay B (Fig. 5) has been energized sufliciently to pick up, the following circuit is established:

L+|, LW2--2, D6, Bl, BA, L-l

The energization of the relay BA results in full release of the elevator brake and the driving motor picks up the hauling load to level the elevator car.

It may be well to state at this time that the relay BA is energized while the elevator car is conditioned for a fioor-to-fioor run and while the car is leveling to correct for overrun. Such energization for the relay BA is provided through the contacts 32Bl3 of the cable stretch relay.

Inasmuch as the elevator system is assumed to .be designed for car switch operation, a car switch CS is illustrated in Fig. 6. When the car switch is rotated in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 6, it engages the contact IU to complete an energizing circuit for the up relay UR through the auxiliary running relay and make contacts 40-1 of the door relay. If the rotation of the car switch is continued, it also engages the full speed contact 2U to energize the full speed relay GRB through the make contacts 40-4 of the door relay.

When the car switch is rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. .6, it engages the contact ID to complete an energizing circuit for the down relay DR through the auxiliary running relay 80 and the make contacts 40-4 of the door relay. Continued motion of the car switch in the clockwise direction brings it into engagement with the contact 2D to establish an energizing circuit for the full speed relay GRS through the make contact 482 of the door relay.

When the car switch CS is in its neutral position, as illustrated in Fig. 6, it completes an energization circuit for the coils of the inductor relays through break contacts GRt-Z of the fullspeed relay and break contacts 8lll of the auxiliary running relay.

The up switch U, the down switch D and the running relay 6 can be energized only if the make contacts lZT I of a timing relay are closed. When the car switch CS is operated to energize the up relay UR, the resulting closure of the make contacts URI establishes the following circuit:

L-I-l, URL LDS, U, 6,1211, Ll

Assuming that the make contacts Ll2 of the third landing relay and 40-3 of the door relay are closed, the energized up switch U closes its contacts U6 to establish a self-holding circuit around the contacts UR! and LD3. Deenergization of the third landing relay would result in opening of the contacts LI2 to deenergize the up switch.

For a leveling operation, the up switch may be energized by closure of the contacts LU3 of the up leveling relay. Closure of the make contacts LU3 would be accompanied by opening of break contacts LU I to prevent energization of the down switch D.

The down switch D may be energized in an analogous manner. For example, if the car switch CS is operated to energize the down relay DR, the resulting closure of the make contacts DRI establishes the following circuit:

L-l-l, DRI, LU4, D, 5, HT], L-l

The resulting closure of the make contacts D establishes a self-holding circuit for the down switch D which is completed through the contacts Ll2 and 403.

For a down leveling operation, closure of the contacts LD4 of the down leveling relay would establish an energizing circuit for the down switch D and the running relay 5. The closure of the make contacts LDA would be accompanied by opening of the break contacts L133 to prevent energization of the up switch.

The timing relay tT is energized in response to energization of the running relay 6 which closes its make contacts t3. The timing relay 6T may have a time delay in dropout of the order of two seconds. It is employed for preventing prompt dropout of the running contactor 1 (Fig. 5) when the running relay 5 is deenergized.

The door relay 40 (Fig. 6) is a safety device which is energized through car gate contacts and hoistway door contacts only if the car gate and the hoistway doors associated with the elevator car are all closed. The gate contacts and the door contacts are responsive to the positions of the gate and doors and are illustrated in Fig. 6. Such a safety circuit is well understood in the art.

The cable-stretch relay 32B is energized when either the up r lay or the down relay UR or DH is energized. Upon energization, the cablestretch relay 32E closes its make contact 323M to establish a self-holding circuit which is com- 18 pleted through the make contacts 1-8 of the running contactor. As long as the elevator car continues to run between floors, and for an ad-. ditional time determined by the dropout of the running contactor l, the cable-stretch relay 32B remains energized. As long as the relay 32B is energized, it prevents energization of the loop voltage relay B (Fig. 5). It prevents the break contacts 32132 from completing a shunt around the portion of the resistor R2 and it maintains the make contacts 32B3 closed to provide a comparatively soft brake operation. In addition, the energized cable-stretch relay 32B prevents energization of the auxiliary pattern field Windings RGLI and RGLZ. A portion of the resistor 2 lg is shunted by the closed contacts 32136, and similarly a portion of the resistor R] is shunted by the contacts 32139, The break contacts 32B|iis remain open to segregate contacts of the load zone relays associated with the resistor Bl.

The break contacts 32BH remain open to pre-.

vent energization of the motion detector relay MD. The break contacts 321312 remain open to prevent energization of the motion detector advancer MDA and to prevent energization of the load zone relays LWI to LW4. Finally, the make contacts 32B|3 (Fig. 6) remain closed to energize the brake relay BA. Consequently, the brake 5 (Fig. 5) is either fully applied or fully released.

When the relay 32B is deenergized, the system is conditioned for fast and efiicient leveling of the elevator car to compensate for cable stretch or contraction.

The brake modifier relay BC can be energized only when the car switch CS is in its neutral or stopping position. The circuit for energizing the relay BC is completed through the break contacts 65-I of a brake regulator relay and the make contacts 6-43 of the running relay, When the relay BC is energized, it opens its break contacts BCI (Fig. 5) to modify the eiiective resistance value of the resistor B6. In addition, make contacts BCZ (Fig. 6) are closed to establish a holding circuit around. the contacts The up and down leveling relays LU and LD are energized respectively by closure of the make contacts IULI and IDLI of the inductor'relays [UL and IDL.

The third landing relay Ll is energized when make contacts UT of the up switch and break contacts ZULI of the inductor relay ZUL are closed. Alternatively, the relay Ll may be energized when the make contacts D? of the down switch and the break contacts ZDLI of the inpleted through the make contacts of the full speed relay GRB and make contacts 6-H of the running relay. When energized, the brake regulator relay 65 closes its make contacts (55-2 to establish a holding circuit around the contacts GR63.

An energizing circuit for the leveling-fieldcontrol relay L3 is completed through the break contacts LD5 and LU5 of the up and down leveling relays.

t will be recalled that the timing relay MT- lhe energizing 19 is employed for determining the length of time during which a portion of the resistor R2 (Fig. 5) is'shunted. As shown in Fig. 6, the timing relay MT is energized through break contacts MD5 of the motion detector relay. As soon as the motion detector detects a movement of the driving motor, the contacts M135 are opened to start a timing out operation of the relay MT. (This assumes that the break contacts 32BII (Fig. 5) are closed.) The timing relay has a delay in dropout which depends on the condition of the break contacts LWI--5 and the make contacts LW24. These contacts are connected in series with a resistor R8 across the timing relay MT.

When the resistor R8 is connected across the relay, the timing relay may have a delay in dropout of the order of 0.8 second. When the resistor R8 is disconnected, the timing relay may have a delay in dropout of the order of 0.2 second.

When the load on the elevator car is in the balanced range, a minimum generator voltage is required for completing the leveling of the elevator car once a leveling operation has started. Under these circumstances, the load zone relay LWI is deenergized and the load zone relay LW2 is energized and picked up. This means that the resistor R8 in Fig. 6 is connected across the timing relay MT and the timing relay has its maximum delay in dropout. For this reason, the differential field winding RGD of Fig. 5 is permitted to force the main generator voltage to a comp'aratively low value. y

In the full load zone, the load zone relay LW2 is deenergiz'ed and its make contacts LW24 are open. In the light load zone, the relayLWI is energized and the break contacts LWI-5 are open. In either case, the resistor R8 is not connected across the timing relay MT. Consequently, the timing relay has a comparatively short dropout time and the contacts MTI of Fig. 5 open while the main generator GE is applying a substantial voltage to the motor MO.

The timing relay HT is connected for energization when the auxiliary running relay is energized to close its make contacts 80-4. when energized, the timing relay closes its make contacts "T2 to establish a sel f' holding circuit which is completed either through the make contacts LI-3 of the third landing relay or through the break contacts 6-40 of the running relay 6. The timing relay 121 may have a time delay in dropout of the order of 6 seconds.

Operation A.-Fully-loaded car runs from the third to the second landing The operation of various portions of the elewater system have been discussed to some extent in the discussions of the various figures. However, it is believed that an understanding of the invention will be facilitated by a review of certain typical operations of the elevator system. For the first operation, it is assumed that the elevator car is at the third landing and that the elevator car doors are open. In addition, it is assumed that the elevator ear is fully loaded. The full load rating of tlfe'e-levator car may be of the order of 10,000 pounds.

Inasmuchas the elevator car is standing at the third landing, the car switch CS (Fig. 6) is in its neutral or stopping position. Since the break contacts G'RU'2 or the full speed relay and the break cohta'cts M -1 of the auxiliary running relay are "closed, it follows that the following circuit is established: w ne's, ive, we, 2UL,

2DL, 3L, GR6--2, 80-I, L--I Consequently, as long as the elevator car remains at the third landing with its doors open, the coils of the inductor relays are energized, and are available for maintaining the elevator car in register with the third landing.

When the elevator attendant closes the car doors and gates, the door relay 40 is energized and closes its make contacts 40I, 402, 4'0-3. Such contact "closures prepare the system for subsequent operations.

The car attendant then rotates the car switch CS in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 6 to start the elevator car in a down direction. When the car switch engages the contact ID, the following circuit is established:

L-l-I, Cs, ID, DR, 80, 40I, L-I

The resultant energization of the auxiliary running relay is effective for opening the break contacts 80--I to deenergize the coils of the inductor relays. In addition, the make contacts 80-2 close to energize the timing relay 'I2T. This timing relay closes its make contacts I2T-I to prepare the running relay 6 and the down switch D for subsequent energization. Also, the timing relay closes its make contacts 'I2T2 to complete a holding circuit through the contacts 'I2T2 and the break contacts 6-") of the running relay.

The energization of the down relay DR resulting from operation of the car switch completes the following circuit:

L+I, DRI, LUl, D, 6, "TI, Ll

In addition, the down relay closes its make contacts DB2 to energize the cable-stretchrelay 3213.

The energization of the down switch D resulting from closure of the make contacts DR'I results in closure of the make contacts DI to complete the following brake circuit (Fig. 5):

L+I, DI, Baz, BR, 5a, R4, e-a, 1-4, L-I

The make contacts '6-3 and 'I-2 are closed for reasons which will be set forth below. Since the resistor R4 is included in the energizing circuit for the brake coil 5a, the brake is only partially released and continues to hold the elevator car at the third landing.

The make contact D2 and D3 close to connect the bridge 2I for energization through the resistor R'I with proper polarity for down travel of the elevator car.

The make contacts D4 close to prepare the mo tion detector relay MD for subsequent energizetion.

Closure of the make contacts D5 (Fig, 6) has no immediate effect on system operation. The energization of the brake relay BA at this time is controlled by closure of the make contacts 32BI3 of the cable-stretch relay. Since these contacts are now closed, it follows that the relay BA is energized and closes its make contacts BAI (Fig. 5) to energize the brake coil 50 sufficiently to fully release the brake. Such energization of the brake also energizes the brake-released relay BR to open its break contacts BRI and BR2. The opening of the break contacts BB2 inserts the resistor R3 in the brake circuit to reduce the amount of current flowing therethrough.

Th make contacts D6 close to establish a holding circuit for the relays D and 6 through the make contacts 40-3 as soon as the make contacts Ll-2 are closed. Closure of the make contacts DI completes the following energizing circuit for the third landingrelays:

Referring now to the energized running relay 6, it will be noted that the running relay closes its make contacts Bl (Fig. to prepare the loop voltage relay B for energization. However, inasmuch as the contacts 32BI are now open, the relay B cannot be energized at this time.

The running relay also opens its break contacts B-2 to make certain that the entire resistor R2 is effective for limiting current flowing through the diiferential field winding RGD.

The make contacts 63 are closed by energization of the running relay 6. As previously explained, closure of these contacts is necessary for energization of the brake coil.

The closure of the make contacts 6*4 of the running relay connects the armatur RGA of the regulating generator across a diagonal of the bridge 2! and the armature now is effective for supplying current to the field windings of the bridge.

Upon energization of the running relay, the make contacts 5-5 close to energize the running contactor 31.

The make contacts 5-6 close, but have no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The make contacts 6'l (Fig. 6) close to complete with the make contacts BAZ a holding circuit for the brake relay BA. The closure of the make contacts B--8 completes an energizing circuit for the timing relay ST. The make contacts 6--9 also close, but have'no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The break contacts 6l0 open to prevent the establishment therethrough of a holding circuit for the timing relay 12'I'. Finally, the break contacts 6H close to prepare the relay 55 for subsequent energization.

As previously pointed out, the cable-stretch relay 323 was energized as a result of closure of the make contacts DRZ. energization, opens its break contacts 323! (Fig. 5) to prevent energization of the loop voltage relay B. In addition, the break contacts 3232 open, but such opening has no immediate eifect on the operation of the system.

Closure of the make contacts 3233 shunts a portion of the resistor R6, but such shunting has no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The energization of the relay 32B also results in closure of the make contacts 32134 and 32138,

together with openings of the break contacts 32B5 and 3231. Such contact operation removes the auxiliary pattern field winding RGLI and RGLZ of the regulating generator from the bridge.

Closure of the make contacts 32136 shunts a portion of the resistor Mg and increases the effectiveness of the output of the regulating generator.

The closure of the make contact 32139 and the opening of the break contacts 32B"! of the cablestretch relay, modifies the tap connections of the resistor R1. However, for reasons which will b 9 poin ted out below, such modification has substantially no effect on the operation of the system at this time.

Because of the opening of the break contacts 32BI I, the motion detector relay MD can not be energized. Furthermore, because of its opening of the break contact 32Bl2, the motion detector advancer MDA and the load zone relays LWI to LW4 cannot be energized.

As previously pointed out, the closure of the make contacts 32B! 3 (Fig 6) resulted inthe energization of the brake relay BA.- The make contacts 32Bl4 close as a result of energization of The relay 3233, upon 22 the relay 3213. These contacts 32Bl4 with the make contacts of the running contactor establish a holding circuit for the relay 323.

Contact changes resulting from energization of the third landing relay LI now will be considered. The make contacts Ll-l (Fig. 5) close to shunt a portion of the resistor R7. Consequently, closure of these contacts increases the energization of the field windings of the main generator GE. While the contacts Ll-l are closed, the contacts 32B9 have no effect on the operation of the system.

In addition, the make contacts Ll-Z (Fig. 6) close to establish a holding circuit for the relays D and 6 which includes the make contacts LI-Z, 4G3 and D6.

Finally, the make contacts Ll-3 close to complete with the make contacts 12'12 of the timing relay, a holding circuit for the timing relay.

Referring again to Fig. 5, it will be noted that energization of the running contactor results in closure of the make contacts 7-4 to complete the loop circuit for the armatures GE A and MOA.

Also, make contacts IL-2 close. It will be recalled that closure of these contacts is a prerequisite for energization of the brake coil 5a.

The closure of the make contacts 1-3 complete with the make contacts 6'Il, a holding circuit for the running contactor 1. Inasmuch as the timing relay 8T (Fig. 6) has a time delay on dropout, it follows that the running contactor 1 remains energized after the deenergization of the running relay 6 for a time corresponding to the dropout time of the timing relay 6T.

Upon energization, the running contactor opens its break contacts T4 to 7-'! (Fig. 5). If the load zone relays LWI to LW4 are not energized prior to opening of the brake contacts '!--4 to 'l-J, it follows that they can not thereafter be energized until such break contacts reclose.

Closure of the make contacts 'l-8 (Fig. 6) completes with the make contacts 32B, a holding circuit for the cable-stretch relay 32B.

Inasmuch as the variable-voltage loop is complete, the elevator brake is released and the field windings of the main generator are excited with proper polarity for down travel of the elevator car, the elevator car starts down from the third landing. It may be pointed out that when the brake 5 (Fig. 5) was released, the contacts 5-! opened, but such opening had no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

When the running contactor was energized, the make contacts 1-9 closed. Closure of the make contacts completes the following two circuits:

L+l, 3Ll, L2, 7--9, L-I and L+ I, LU5, L135, L3, 19, LI The energization of the second landing relay L2 and of the leveling-field-control relay L3 results in closure of the make contacts L2-l and L3-l (Fig. 5) to shunt portions of the resistor R1. Such shunting results in substantial energization of the main field windings of the main generator GE and produces a substantial car speed which may be of the order of feet per minute.

If a higher car speed is desired, the car attendant may rotate the car switch CS (Fig. 6) until it also engages the high speed contact 211). Such rotation of the car switch results in energization of the full speed relay GRG. The full speed relay GRB closes its make contacts. GRfi-l (Fig. 5) to shunt a major proportion of the resistor R1. This results in full-speed energization of the (bridge 2| and maximum excitation 23 for normal car operation is supplied by the bridge to the field windings GEFI and GEF2 of the main generator. Consequently, the motor MOrapidly accelerates to the maximum running speed.

It will be understood that as the voltage output of the generator GE increases the energization of the differential field winding RGD also increases. This field winding acts in opposition to the pattern field windings, and permits the voltage output of the generator to increase until a predetermined value thereof is reached.

The full speed relay also opens its break contacts GR6-2 (Fig. 6) to prevent energization therethrough of the windings of the inductor relays.

Closure of the make contact GR6-3 of the full speed relay results in energization of the brake regulator relay 65 through the make contacts 6l I of the running relay and the make contacts 1-9 of the running contactor. tion, the brake regulator relay 65 closes its make contacts 652 to establish a holding circuit around the contacts (ERG-3. The energized relay 65 also opens its break contacts 65I to prevent energiz-ation therethrough of the brake modifier relay BC.

As the elevator car approaches the second landing, the car attendant centers the car switch OS to prepare for a stopping operation of the elevator car. deenergizes the down relay DR. the auxiliary running relay B and the full speed relay GR6. The deenergized down relay DR opens its make contacts DRI, but such opening has no efiect on the energization of the down switch D and the running relay 6 because of the holding circuit which includes the contacts LI-2, 40-3 and D6.

The make contacts DB2 also open, but have no effect on the energization of the cable-stretch relay 323 because of the holding circuit established through the contacts 323 and 1-8.

The auxiliary running relay 80, upon deenergization, closes its break contacts 80-! to prepare the coils of the inductor relays for energization. In addition, contacts 802 of the auxiliary running relay open, but such opening has no effect on the energization of the timing relay 12T because of the holding circuit established through the contacts LI-3 and "T2.

The deenergization of the full speed relay r GR6 results in the opening of the make contacts GRB-I (Fig. 5). Such opening reintroduces the portion of the resistor R1 between the taps connected to the contacts L3-l and GR6-l in series with the bridge 2|. The resulting decrease in the field excitation of the main generator GE results in deceleration of the elevator car to a speed which may be of the order of 160 feet per minute.

The deenergization of the full speed relay also closes the break contacts GRS-Z (Fig. 6) to complete the following circuit:

L+|, cs, 5, IUL, IDL, 2UL,

2DL, 3L, GRB-Z, 80-4, Ll

The coils of the inductor relays now are energized and the relays are conditioned to assist in a landing operation.

Contacts GR6-3 of the full speed relay open as a result of the deenergization of the relay but such opening has no immediate effect on the operation of the system because of the holding circuit established around these contacts by the contact 65-2.

As the elevator car approaches the second Upon energiza- Such centering of the car switch landing, the inductor relay IDL reaches. the inductor plate P for the second landing and at a distance, which may be of the order of 20 inches from the second landing, the inductor relay IDL closes its contacts IDLI (Fig. 6) to energize the down leveling relay LD. This relay also serves as a first landing relay.

Upon energization, the relay LD closes its make contacts LDI (Fig. 5) but such closure has no immediate effect on the operation of the system. Also the relay opens its break contacts LD2, but such opening again has no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The down leveling relay LD, upon energization, opens its break contacts LD3 (Fig. 6) but such opening has no immediate effect on the operation of the system. The closure of the make contacts ID! at this time has no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

Finally, the energization of the down leveling relay LD results in opening of the break contacts LD5 to deenergize the leveling-field-con. trol relay L3. The relay L3 thereupon opens its make contacts L3-I (Fig. 5) to insert in series with the bridge, the portion of the resistor R! which lies between the taps connected to the contacts L2-| and L3-l. The resulting reduction in energization of the field windings of the main generator GE results in retardation of the elevator car to a lower speed which may be of the order of feet per minute.

As the elevator car proceeds downwardly, the inductor relay 2UL reaches the inductor plate P (Fig. l) for the second landing and this inductor relay opens its break contacts ZULI (Fig. 6). Such opening has no immediate eflfect on the operation of the system.

Further movement of the elevator car toward the second landing brings the inductor relay 3L to the inductor plate P for the second landing (Fig. 1) and this inductor relay operates to open its break contacts 3L! (Fig. 6). Such opening deenergizes the second landing relay L2.

Upon deenergization, the second landing relay opens its make contacts. LZ-l (Fig. 5). opening may occur at a distance of the elevator car of the order of 10 inches from the second landing. The opening of the contact L24 inserts the portion of the resistor R1 between the taps connected to the contacts Ll-l and L2-l in series with the bridge 2|. This further reduces the energization of the field windings of the main generator GE and the elevator car is retarded to a speed which may be of the order of 25 feet per minute.

Upon further movement of the elevator car towards the second landing, the inductor relay ZDL finally reaches the inductor plate P for the second landing (Fig. 1) at a point which places the elevator car approximately 2 inches from the second landing. At this point, the inductor relay 2DL operates to open its break contacts ZDLl (Fig. 6). This interrupts the energization of the third landing relay Ll.

Upon deenergization, the third landing relay opens its make contacts LI-I (Fig. 5) and the major part of the resistor R1 now is in series with the bridge 2|. This further reduces the excitation of the main generator GE and the elevator car slows to a landing speed which may be of the order of 5 to 10 feet per minute.

The third landing relay LI also opens its make contacts Ll-2 but this has no immediate effect on the system for the reason that the contacts LD4 and LU4 establish a holding circuit for the Such relays D and 6.

The contacts Ll-3 also open to deenergize the timing relay HT and this relay starts to time out.

. Referring again to Fig. 1, the continued motion of the elevator car at its landing speed towards the second landing finally moves the inductor relay IDL past the end of the inductor plate P for the second landing sufficiently to cause this inductor relay to reopen its make contacts lDLl (Fig. 6). Such reopening deenergizes the down leveling relay L1).

The deenergization of the relay LD may occur at a point in the travel of an elevator car such that if the elevator car brake is applied, the elevator car will drift accurately to a stop of the second landing. As a specific example, the drift distance may be of the order of inch. The relay LD, upon deenergization, opens its make contacts LDI, but such opening has no inunediate effect on the operatizm of the system.

The relay LD also closes its break contacts LDZ (Fig. and its break contacts LD3 (Fig. 6), but

these closures have no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The deenergization of the down leveling relay also results in opening of the make contacts LD-i to deenergize the down switch D and the running relay 6. The down switch D, upon deenergization, opens its make contacts I to I. Opening of the make contacts DI (Fig. 5) results in application of the brake 5. As the brake leaves its fully open position, the contacts 5-! close to insert a portion of the resistor R6 in the discharge circuit for the brake coil. The value of resistance inserted by closure of the contacts 5-l is selected to provide a soft braking action. That is, the brake shoe is forced against the brake drum comparatively slowly. It should be noted that the discharge current from the brake coil passes through the rectifier 2 I, but this rectifier prevents current from th buses from flowing therethrough.

The down switch also opens its contacts D2 and D3 to disconnect the bridge from the buses.

The contacts D4 open but such opening has no immediate effect on the operation of the system. The contacts D5, D6 and D1 in opening also have no immediate efiect on the operation of the system.

Upon deenergization, the running relay 6 opens its make contacts 6-l (Fig. 5), but such opening has no immediate effect upon the operation of the system. The break contacts 6-2 clos to prepare for the shunting of a portion of the resistor R2 therethrough. Opening of the make contacts 63 further serves to open the brake coil energizing circuit. It will be understood that when this circuit is deenergized, the brakereleased relay closes its break contacts BRA and BRZ. The relay BR, has a time delay in dropout determined by the discharge circuit for energy stored in the relay coil. Preferably the relay BR drops out just as the car comes to rest. The break contacts BR! and 62 now shunt a portion of the resistor R2. The increased energization of the differential field winding rapidly changes the field excitation of the main generator to reduce the voltage output of the main generator to zero.

Continuing with the effect or the deenergization of the running relay 6, it should be noted that the make contacts B4 open in the circuit of the armature RGA of the regulating generator. However contacts 1-10 remain closed and the armature remains connected in the bridge. Consequently the differential field winding RGD remains effective to force the generator voltage to zero. The opening of the make contacts 65, 6-6 and 6-! has no immediate effect on the operation of the system. The opening of the make contacts 68 disconnects the timing relay 6T from the buses and this relay starts to time out.

Make contacts 6--9 open, but such opening has no immediate effect on th operation of the system. The break contacts 6l0 close to reenergize the timing relay IZT. Thus the relay "HT is energized. during floor-to-floor runs and while stopped at a landing. If the elevator car were to stall while attempting to make a landing, the relay ":2T would time out and interrupt the energizing circuit for the running relay 6 and one of the switches U or D. Contacts 6-Il (Fig. 6) open to deenergize the brake regulator relay 65. The relay 65 closes its break contacts 65-l and opens its make contacts 65-42 but these changes have no immediate effect on the system.

It will be recalled that the timing relay 6T has started to tim out. Until this relay times out to open its make contact BTI, the running contactor '1 remains energized. Consequently, the running contactor during this timing out period maintains the loop circuit for the main generator armature GEA and the motor armature MOA in closed condition. Moreover, the make contacts 1-2 and 1-3 remain closed. The break contacts L d to l'! remain open to prevent energization of load zone relays which have not been previously energized. Also the make contacts 1-3 (Fig. 6) remain closed to maintain the energization of the cable-stretch relay 323. The make contacts 1-9 remain closed to maintain the energization of the brake regulator relay 65. The make contacts 7-H] remain closed (Fig. 5) to maintain a closed armature circuit for the regulating generator.

During the timing out period of the relay 6T, the elevator car stops at the second landing and the doors and car gate are opened. Such opening of the doors and gates deenergizes the door relay 40 (Fig.6) to open the make contacts 4fl--I and 40--2.

Operation BElevator car overruns second landing The elevator car in Operation A normally would land accurately at the second landing. However in a rare case it is conceivable that the elevator car may overrun the second landing. To illustrate the leveling operation of the elevator car for such an overrun, it will be assumed that the elevator car of Operation A overruns the second landing by more than /2 inch during the landing operation. This overrun occurs while the timing relay GT is still timing out.

As a result of the overrun of the elevator car, the inductor relay IUL (Fig. 1) has its magnetic circuit completed by the inductor plate P for the second landing sufliciently to operate the contacts of the inductor relay. These contacts lULi (Fig. 6) consequently close to energize the up leveling relay LU.

The up leveling relay LU closes its make contacts LU i (Fig. 5) to complete a low resistance discharge circuit for the brake coil 5a. Because of this low-resistance discharge circuit, the energy stored in the brake coil discharges slowly and the brake is unable to set fully before the elevator car is reversed.

The make contacts LUZ close, but such clo- 27 sure has no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The make contacts LU3 of the up leveling relay (Fig. 6) close to establish the following energizing circuit.

L+I, LU3, LD3, U, 6, "TI, L-l

The break contacts LU4 opento prevent energization of the down switch and the break contacts LU5 open to prevent energization of the leveling field control relay LQ.

Inasmuch as the up switch U new is energized, it closes its make contacts Ul (Fig. 5) to prepare the brake coil 5a for energiiation. The break contacts U2 and U3 close to connect the bridge 2! for energization with proper polarity for up travel of the elevator car. The make contacts U4 close, but since the contacts 32B remain open, such closure of the contacts U4 has no immediate effect on the operation of the system. The make contacts "U1, U5, and U1 close but have no immediate eifeet on the operation of the system.

The running relay 6 closes its make contacts 6I, but since the break contacts 32B| are open, the closure of the make contacts 6-l has no effect on the operation of the system at this time.

The break contacts 6-2 open to prevent shunting of a portion of the resistor R2. The make contacts 63 close to complete an energizing circuit for the brake coil 5a. The energization of the brake coil and the resulting opening of the brake occur before the brake has an opportunity to set completely. Consequently. the reversal of the elevator car takes place with no perceptible jar or bump. The make contacts 6-4 close but have no effect atthi's time because contacts II have remained closed. Closure of the make contacts 65, 66, and 6'! has no immediate effect on the operation of the system. However, closure of the make contacts 6-8 reenergizes the timing relay 6T before the relay has had an opportunity to drop out. Closing of the make contacts 6 completes an energizing circuit for the brake-modifier relay BC. The relay BC opens its break contacts BCI (Fig.

to increase the eifective resistance of the resistor R6, but this does not immediately affect system operation. Also contacts BC-2 (Fig. 6) close to establish a holding circuit around the contacts 6 9. Opening of the break contact 6-40 deenergizes the timing relay HT and this relay starts to time out. The time delay and dropout of the relay is ample for a normal leveling operation. 7 Finally make contacts 6'I| close but this closure has no immediate effect on the system operation.

The elevator car now is conditioned for up travel and moves toward the second landing. During the course of such movement, the inductor relay IUL (Fig. 1) begins to leave the associated inductor plate P and the relay contacts lULl (Fig. 6) open to deenergize the up leveling relay LU.

The up leveling relay LU opens the make contacts LUI (Fig. 5) to interrupt the low resistance discharge path for the brake coil 5a. The opening of the make contacts LU2 has no immediate efiect on the operation of the system.

The opening of the make contacts LU3 (Fig. 6) interrupts the energizing circuit for the up switch U and the running relay 6.

The break contacts LU4 close but have no immediate effect on the system operation. Closure of the break contacts LU5 completes an energizmanner for both up and down travel.

28 ing circuit for the leveling field control relay L3. This relay closes its make contacts L3-I (Fig. 5) but since the elevator car is now in a condi'-'- tion to stop the closure of the contacts L3-l has substantially no efi'ect on the system operation.

Upon deenergization, the up switch U interrupts the energization of the brake coil 5a. As the brake begins to set, the contacts 5-l close to introduce a substantial portion of the resistor R6 in the brake discharge circuit for the coil 5:1. (It will be recalled that the contacts BCI are open.) The brake thereupon is applied to provide a medium braking action. It should be noted that this braking action is faster and harder than that employed for a normal landing operation. Since the brake is applied faster, the full brake retarding force is developed more rapidly and the brake action may be said to be harder. As previously explained, the term harder does not necessarily mean that the resultant braking force is larger but indicates that the car is brought to a stop more rapidly, as by an earlier full application of the brake. This reduces the likelihood of an overrun of the floor during the leveling operation.

Make contacts U2 and U3 open to interrupt the connection of the bridge to the buses. Opening of the make contacts U4, U5, U6 and U1 has no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

The running relay 6 opens its make contacts 6I, closes its make contacts 6-2 and opens its make contacts 6--3 without further change in the operation of the system. v

Opening of the make contacts 6-l, 65, 6--6, 8 1 and 6-9 has no immediate effect on the operation of the system.

Opening of the contacts 6-8 disconnects the timing relay BT and this relay again starts to time out. As previously pointed out, when the time relay BT has completed its time out, it interrupts the energization of the running contactor I (Fig. 5).

The closing of the break contacts 6-IU reenergizes the timing relay 'I2T. The opening of the make contacts B-I I has no immediate efi'ect on the system.

From the foregoing discussion it is believed that the operation of the system for floor-tofioor runs and for leveling following an overrun of a landing is clear. It will be understood that during down travel of the elevator car on a floorto-floor run, the inductor relays IDL, 3L, 2DL and IDL are successively effective for a normal landing operation. For a floor-to-floor run in the up direction, the inductor relays iUL, 3L, 2UL and IUL are successively efiective in a similar manner to produce a normal landing of the elevator car.

The up and down relays operate in a similar manner, one being effective to produce up travel and one being eiiective to produce down travel of the elevator car.

The full speed relay GRB operates in the same It will be understood that for full speed up travel, the car switch CS engages both of the contacts IU and 2U. For full speed down travelling, the car switch engages the two contacts ID and 2D.

The up switch and the down switch operate in a similar manner respectively for up travel and down travel of the elevator car.

Operation C'.-Cable contracts, car levels down with heavy load It will be assumed next that after the fully 

